兩類木蹄層孔菌在酶蛋白水平上的遺傳分化
程東升 山口岳廣 王志娟 潘學仁
摘要： 木蹄層孔菌（Fomes fomentarius）在中國東北和日本存在子實體形態不同、寄主范圍明顯有別的兩個類型：小型和大型。用多位點分析方法研究了兩者間的遺傳分化狀況。從兩類41個菌株的4種酶系統中檢測出9個基因位點，其中8個位點上的絕大多數酶譜型都不為兩者所共有，顯示兩個類型間的基因交流已極少發生。根據酶譜型頻率得出兩者間的遺傳距離D＝0.965，屬于典型的種間遺傳分化。上述酶基因分化證據結合子實體形態的顯著差異，提示兩類木蹄層孔菌是各自獨立的種。兩個類型的群體在遺傳多樣性參數上無顯著差異，可能暗示兩者在起源演化上的同步性。酯酶系統有2個位點上的酶譜為不同類型所特有且穩定而清晰，可作為分子標記用于兩類木蹄層孔菌的無子實體鑒定。
關鍵詞： 木蹄層孔菌、多位點酶、遺傳分化
中圖分類號： W939.96 文獻標識碼：A
文章編號： 1007-3515（2000）01-0081-0086
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN TWO MORPHOLOGICAL
TYPES OF FOMES FOMENTARIUS BASED ON
ISOZYME ANALYSIS
CHENG Dong-Jheng
(Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083)
Takehiro YANAGUCHI
(Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Japan)
WANG Zhi-Juan，PAN Xue-Ren
(Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040)
ABSTRACT: The wood-decaying fungus Fomes fomentarius has been observed in Japan and Northeastern China to have two morphologically different types hased on its fruiting body. Forty-one isolates representing the two types collected from China and Japan were subjected to multilocus enzyme analysis, to obtain information about the relationship between the two types. Nine putative isozyme loci were detected from 4 enzyme systems and on 8 of them the two fungal types differed greatly from each other in isozyme phenotype frequencies, indicating thatlittle gene flow occurs in nature between the two fungal groups. Genetic distance coefficient (D＝0.965) between two types fell into the magnitude differentiating species. The above isozyme data, in couple with the morphological differences, strongly suggest that the two types are separate species. The level of isozyme phenotypic diversity between the two types was not significantly different, possibly suggesting the synchronism of their origination. The isozyme patterns on two EST loci consistently distinguished the two types, demonstrating their usefulness for culture identification when fruiting bodies are unavailable.
KEY WORDS: Fomes fomentarius, Multilocus enzyme, Genetic differentiation
日本科學技術廳資助項目
程東升（北京林業大學 北京 100083）
山口岳廣（日本森林綜合研究所北海道分所札幌）
王志娟（東北林業大學 哈爾濱 150040）
潘學仁（東北林業大學 哈爾濱 150040）
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