松口蘑的研究熱點
Current Trends of Tricholoma matsutake Research
傅祿敏 李玉花
摘 要：揭開松口蘑與松科植物的共生關系,開發松口蘑的人工栽培技術已成為國際性的松口蘑研究課題.近年來,日本、瑞典、美國、韓國和新西蘭等國的研究人員為鑒別松口蘑及其近緣種提供了有效的分子生物學手段,從形態解剖學、生理學上驗證了松口蘑是典型的外生菌根菌的理論,同時也提出了松口蘑-宿主是一個動態的共生關系.松口蘑快速人工菌根的合成體系已經建立,為松口蘑人工子實體的誘導奠定了不可缺少的基礎.這一領域的研究必將與植物學、菌物學和土壤學的研究緊密地結合起來,以共同開發松口蘑的人工栽培技術.
關鍵詞：松口蘑;外生菌根菌;研究熱點
分類號：S646.15 文獻標識碼：A
文章編號：1005-9873(2003)03-0049-07
基金項目：東北林業大學校長基金(編號042003)
作者簡介：傅祿敏(1963-),女,1984年畢業于上海師范大學生物系,1996年獲日本東京大學農學博士學位,中科院植物所副研究員,東北林業大學客座教授,主要從事菌根學方面的研究,在國際學報級雜志上共發表論文20余篇,獲5項國際專利.
作者單位：傅祿敏（東北林業大學生命科學學院,哈爾濱,150040;中國科學院植物研究所植被數量生態開放實驗室,北京,100093）
李玉花（東北林業大學生命科學學院,哈爾濱,150040）
參考文獻：
［1］弓明欽,陳羽,王鳳珍,等. 松茸[M]. 昆明:云南科技出版社,1999. 129.
［2］Ogawa M. Ecology characters of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their mycorrhizae; an introduction to the ecology of higher fungi [J]. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 1985, 18: 305～314.
［3］小野寺有子,鈴木和夫.マツタケ山の變異-長野縣上伊那地方を事例として一[J].森林文化研究,1998,19:123～136.
［4］弓明欽,王鳳珍,陳羽,等. 保護松茸生態環境促進可持續發展-關于恢復與發展云南松茸的探討[J].林業科學研究, 2000, 13(5):562～567.
［5］Smith SE, Read DJ. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (2nd ed.) [M]. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997.605.
［6］Kikuchi K, Matsushita N, Guerin-Laguette A, et al. Detection of Tricholoma matsutake by specific ITS primers[J]. Mycological Research, 2000, 104: 1427～1430.
［7］Lian C, Hogetsu T, Matsushita N, et al. Development of microsatellite markers from an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Tricholoma matsutake, by an ISSR-suppression-PCR method [J]. Mycorrhiza, 2003, 13:27～31.
［8］Guerin-Laguette A, Matsushita N, Kikuchi K, et al. Identification of a prevalent Tricholoma matsutake ribotype in Japan by rDNA IGS1 spacer characterization [J]. Mycological Research, 2002, 106:435～443.
［9］浜田稔*マツタケおよび類緣菌の菌糸純粹培養,マツタケ-研究と增產-[M].マツタケ研究會編集.京都:中西印刷,1964, 97～100.
［10］小川真.マツタケの生物學[M].東京:筑地書館,1978.326.
［11］臧穆. 松茸群及其近緣種的分類地理研究 [J]. 真菌學報, 1990, 2:113～127.
［12］本鄉次雄. 日本キノコの研究[J]. 植物學雜志,1974,49:294～305.
［13］巖瀨剛二.外生菌根菌マツタケモドキの生活環に關する研究[J].日菌報,1994,35:130～133.
［14］Hosford D, Pilz D, Molina R, et al. Ecology and management of the commercially harvested American matsutake mushroom[M]. Porland:PNW-GTR-412. USDA Forest Service, 1997. 68.
［15］Kytovuori I. The Tricholoma caligatum group in Europe and North Africa[J]. Karstenia, 1988, 28: 65～77.
［16］Altschul SF, Thomas L, Madden AA, et al. A new generation of protein data base search programs[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 1997, 25:3389～3402.
［17］Bergius N, Danell E. The Swedish matsutake (Tricholoma nauseosum syn. T.matsutake): distribution, abundance and ecology[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2000, 15: 318～325.
［18］Fries E. Monographia Armillarium Sueciae[M]. Sweden:Uppsala, 1854.5.
［19］Fries E. Monographia Hymenomycetum Sueciae[M]. Sweden:Uppsala, 1857.1:4～5.
［20］Blytt A. Norges hymenomyceter. Videnskaps-Selsk. Skrifter 1[J]. (In Norwegian) Math.-nat. Kl, 1905,(6):1～164.
［21］Ryman S, Bergius N, Danell E. Proposal to conserve the name Armillaria matsutake against Armillaria nauseosa (Fungi, Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae)[J].Taxon, 2000, 49: 555～556.
［22］Iwase K, Tanaka C. Taxonomical re-evaluation of the mycorrhizal fungus"Matsutake-modoki" (Tricholoma robustum s. auct.) in Japan[C]. Abstracts of the 2nd International Workshop on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, Christchurch, New Zealand. 2001.
［23］Ogawa M. Ecology of Tricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Sing., mycorrhizal fungus, in pine forest[M]. In Mushroom Science IX. Proceedings of the Ninth International Scientific Congress on the Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Tokyo, Japan.1974,733～744.
［24］Ogawa M. Microbial ecology of mycorrhizal fungus--Tricholoma matstake (Ito et Imai) Sing. in pine forest. II. Mycorrhiza formed by Tricholoma matsutake[J]. Bulletin of the Government Forestry Experimental Station, 1975, 278: 21～49.
［25］Wang Y, Hall IR, Evans LA. Ectomycorrhizal fungi with edible fruiting bodies. I.Tricholoma matsutake and related fungi[J]. Economic Botany, 1997, 51: 311～327.
［26］Vaario LM, Gill MW, Samajima M, et al. Detection of the ability of Tricholoma matsutake to utilize sawdust in aseptic culture[J]. Symbiosis, 2003, 34:43～52.
［27］Yamada A, Kanekawa S, Ohmasa M. Ectomycorrhiza formation of Tricholoma matsutake on Pinus densiflora[J]. Mycoscience. 1999, 40: 193～198.
［28］Yamada A, Maeda K, Ohmasa M. Ectomycorrhiza formation of Tricholoma matsutake isolates on seedlings of Pinus densiflora in vitro[J]. Mycoscience, 1999, 40: 455～463.
［29］Gill W, Lapeyrie F, Gomi T, et al. Tricholoma matsutake-an assessment of in situ and in vitro infection by observing cleared and stained whole roots[J]. Mycorrhiza, 1999, 9: 227～231.
［30］Gill W, Guerin-Laguette A, Lapeyrie F, et al. Matsutake-morphological evidence of ectomycorrhiza formation between Tricholoma matsutake and host roots in a pure Pinus densiflora forest stand[J]. New Phytoloist, 2000, 147: 381～388.
［31］Gill W, Suzuki K. Determination of Matsutake trophic status by morphological and physiological evidence[C]. International symposium on ectomycorrhizal ecophysiology and its applications in pine forests. Tokyo, Japan. 2001.
［32］Vaario LM, Guerin-Laguette A, Gill W, et al. Only two weeks are required for Tricholoma matsutake to differentiate ectomycorrhizal hartig structures in roots of Pinus densiflora seedlings cultivated on artificial substrate[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2000, 5: 293～297.
［33］Guerin-Laguette A, Vaario LM, Gill W, et al. Rapid in vitro ectomycorrhizal infection on Pinus densiflora roots by Tricholoma matsutake[J]. Mycoscience, 2000, 41: 389～393.
［34］Ka KH, Koo CD. Research questions for artificial cultivation of Tricholoma matsutake[J]. Trends in Agriculture & Life Science, 2002, 2(1): 1～6.
［35］小川真, 浜田稔.純粹培養によるマツタケ子實體原基の形成[J]. 日菌報,1975, 16: 406～415.
［36］Inaba K, Yoshida T, Takano Y, et al. An instance of the fruiting-body formation of Tricholoma matsutake[J]. Environ. Control in Biol, 1995, 33(1): 59～64.
［37］Yokoyama R, Yamada T. In vitro cultures of Tricholoma matsutake and Pinus densiflora[J]. Trans. Mycol. Soc.Japan,1987, 28:331～338.
［38］Yamada A, Ogura T, Ohmasa M. Cultivation of mushrooms of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus densiflora by in vitro mycorrhizal synthesis. I. Primordium and basidiocarp formation in open pot culture[J]. Mycorrhiza, 2001, 11: 59～66.
［39］Guerin-Laguette A, Vaario LM, Gill W, et al. Matsutake: a highly covered ectomycorrhizal mushroom[C]. The 3rd International Conference on Mycorrhizas, Adelaide, Australia. 2001.
［40］鈴木和夫, Guerin-Laguette A, Vaario LM. マツタケ人工菌根誘導法[P]. 1999, Patent No.263730.
［41］Vaario LM, Guerin-Laguette A, Matsutake N, et al. Saprobic potential of Tricholoma matsutake: growth over pine bark treated with surfactants[J]. Mycorrhiza, 2002, 12: 1～6.
［42］Guerin-laguette A, Vaario LM, Matsushita N, et al. Growth stimulation of a Shiro-like, mycorrhiza forming, mycelium of Tricholoma matsutake on solid substrates by non-ionic surfactants or vegetable oils[J]. Mycological Progress, 2003, 2(1): 37～44.
［43］Danell E. Current research on matsutake in Sweden[C]. Abstracts of the 2nd International Workshop on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, Christchurch, New Zealand. 2001.
［44］Pilz D, Molina R, Danell E, et al. Predicting edible mushroom productivity using forest carbon allocation modeling and immuno-assays of ectomycorrhizae (abstract)[C]. ICOM III. The Third International Conference on Mycorrhiza, Adelaide, Australia. 2001.
［45］Pilz D, Molina R. Commercial harvests of edible mushrooms from the forests of the Pacific Northwest United States:issues, management and monitoring for sustainability[J].Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, 155(1～3): 3～16.
